Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
Clearance ratio is the ratio of

Clearance volume to the swept volume
Swept volume to the clearance volume
Volume at cut-off to the swept volume
Clearance volume to the volume at cut-off

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
In designing air preheaters, the important design consideration is that

Approach temperature should be as low as possible
Handling and maintenance should be easier
Stack gases should not be cooled to the dew point
Heat transfer area should be optimum

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