Environmental Engineering
Cleaning is done by (i) Scraping and removal in filters slow sand (ii) Back washing in slow sand filters (iii) Scraping and removal in filters rapid sand (iv) Back washing in rapid sand filters The correct answer is

(ii) and (iv)
(i) and (iv)
(i) and (ii)
(ii) and (iii)

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Environmental Engineering
The major disadvantage of lime soda process of water softening is that

Huge amount of precipitate is formed which creates a disposal problem
It is unsuitable for softening the water of excessive hardness
It is unsuitable for turbid and acidic water
The effluent cannot be reduced to zero hardness

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