Plant Structure
Chemical energy is supplied to eukaryotic cells by

mitochondria and chloroplasts
mitochondria and ribosomes
mitochondria only
chloroplasts and golgi complexes

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Plant Structure
Any system that is not at equilibrium

is kinetically unstable, although it may be thermodynamically stable
requires an enzyme to reach equilibrium
is rushing toward equilibrium at a very rapid rate
is thermodynamically unstable, although it may be kinetically stable

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Plant Structure
Cellular metabolism is an example of

a series of reactions occurring under standard conditions
steady-state metabolism
equilibrium metabolism
a series of reactions that defy the second law of thermodynamics

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Plant Structure
Which of the following experimental results does not support Mitchell's chemiosmosis theory?

An artificial proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives ATP synthesis in the absence of electron transport
Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria during electron transport was shown to inhibit acidification of the medium
Electron transport in isolated mitochondria was shown to result in acidification of the medium
Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria was shown to inhibit electron transport, but had no effect on ATP synthesis

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Plant Structure
Which of the following observations is not used as evidence to support the concept of endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Both strongly resemble prokaryotes, especially in size
Both can live and function independently of the cell
Both have their own DNA
Both have their own ribosomes

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