Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
‘u₁’ and ‘u₂’ are the velocities of approach of two moving bodies in the same direction and their corresponding velocities of separation are ‘v₁’ and ‘v₂’. As per Newton's law of collision of elastic bodies, the coefficient of restitution (e) is given by

e = v₁ - v₂/u₂ - u₁
e = v₁ - v₂/u₂ + u₁
e = u₂ - u₁/v₁ - v₂
e = v₂ - v₁/u₁ - u₂

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Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
Kinetic friction may be defined as

Ratio of limiting friction and normal reaction
Friction force acting when the body is just about to move
Friction force acting when the body is in motion
Angle between normal reaction and resultant of normal reaction and limiting friction

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Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
Parallelogram Law of Forces states, "if two forces acting simultaneously on a particle be represented in magnitude and direction by two adjacent sides of a parallelogram, their resultant may be represented in magnitude and direction by

Its shorter side
The diagonal of the parallelogram which does not pass through the point of intersection of the forces
The diagonal of the parallelogram which passes through the point of intersection of the forces
Its longer side

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