Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
‘u₁’ and ‘u₂’ are the velocities of approach of two moving bodies in the same direction and their corresponding velocities of separation are ‘v₁’ and ‘v₂’. As per Newton's law of collision of elastic bodies, the coefficient of restitution (e) is given by

e = v₁ - v₂/u₂ - u₁
e = v₂ - v₁/u₁ - u₂
e = v₁ - v₂/u₂ + u₁
e = u₂ - u₁/v₁ - v₂

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Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
The following is in unstable equilibrium

A uniform solid cone resting on its base on a horizontal plane
A satellite encircling the earth
A uniform solid cone resting on a generator on a smooth horizontal plane
A solid cube resting on one edge

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Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
If a set of given forces are such that their free vectors build a closed polygon, then

The resultant force and resultant couple are always zero
The resultant force is zero but resultant couple may not be zero
The resultant force is zero but resultant couple is not zero
The resultant force and resultant couple both may not be zero

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