Microprocessor
A microprocessor differentiates between op code, data/address at any time by

 the stack pointer
 the sequence in which memory contents are fetched by it
 the program counter
 its internal registers

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Microprocessor
The output data lines of microprocessor and memories are usually tristated because

 More than one device can transmit over the data bus at the same time
 The data line can be multiplexed for both input and output
 More than one device can transmit information over the data bus by enabling only one device at a time
 It increases the speed of data transfer over the data bus

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