Heat Transfer
A hollow sphere and a solid sphere of the same material and equal radii are heated to the same temperature. In this case,

Both the spheres will emit equal amount of radiation per unit time in the beginning
Both will absorb equal amount of radiation from the surrounding in the beginning
Both B & C
The cooling rate will be the same for the two spheres and hence the two spheres will have equal temperatures at any instant

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Heat Transfer
Fouling factor

Does not provide a safety factor for design
Accounts for additional resistances to heat flow
Is a dimensionless quantity
None of these

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Heat Transfer
Vacuum is generally maintained in the vapour space of an evaporator mainly to

Facilitate forward feeding in multiple effect evaporation
Concentrate heat sensitive materials
Get economical temperature difference by using moderate pressure steam
Achieve very high concentration of the final product

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