Spectroscopy
Why must the voltage supplied to a tungsten lamp be very stable?

Because amount of energy the lamp emits is proportional to the fourth power of the operating voltage
All of these
Because if it wasn't, the lamp would bum out
Because the lamp will only function at a specific voltage

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Spectroscopy
Beer's Law states that

absorbance is equal to P0 / P
absorbance is proportional to both the path length and concentration of the absorbing species
None of these
absorbance is proportional to the log of the concentration of the absorbing species

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Spectroscopy
Why are rotational transitions of little use to a spectroscopist?

Because the energy required to induce a rotational transition is so small that it cannot be measured
Because, in liquids and solids, spectral lines corresponding to rotational transitions are broadened as the result of molecular collisions and other interactions
All of these
Because rotational transitions are extremely rare

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Spectroscopy
Why is it generally preferable to use absorbance as a measure of absorption rather than % transmittance?

Because %T is dependant on the power of the incident radiation
Because absorbance is proportional to the concentration of the analyte, whereas %T is not
Because %T cannot be measured as accurately as absorbance
None of these

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