Bhaga, Bhoga, Kara and Hiranya refers to the different types of revenues which were collected by the rulers during the early medieval period. They were the chief sources of revenue to the donees.
Seven major pillar edicts have been found at Lauriya-Araraj, Lauriya Nandangarh, Rampurva, Nigali Sagar, Sarnath, Topra, and Meerut. Ashokan pillars probably signify the axis of the world (axis mundi) that separated heaven and earth.