Firoz led a campaign against Jajnagar and looted a lot of booty from temples such as the Puri Jagannath temple. He also marched against Nagarkot and made its ruler pay him tributes. During this campaign, the Sultan collected 1300 Sanskrit manuscripts from the Jawalamukhi temple library.
Under the rule of the Vijayanagar empire, irrigation became prominent. The development of irrigation took place mainly during the rule of Deva Raya I. New tanks were built and dams were constructed across the river Tungabhadra.
Sufism or mysticism emerged in the 8th century. Some of the early known Sufis are as follows: Rabia al-Adawiya, Al-Junaid, and Bayazid Bastami. Sufism evolved into a well-developed movement by the end of the 11th century.