Engineering Materials
The brown smoke during the operation of a Bessemer converter indicates that the

Silicon and manganese has burnt and carbon has started oxidizing
Air is burning out silicon and manganese
The brown smoke does not occur during the operation of a Bessemer converter
The converter must be titled to remove the contents of the converter

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Engineering Materials
Grey cast iron

Is produced by annealing process. I is soft, tough and easily machined metal
Is also known as chilled cast iron is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is produced by small additions o magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material

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