Water, pH and Macromolecules
The main difference between an acid and a base is that

bases donate hydrogen ions in water while acids accept hydrogen ions
acids donate hydrogen ions in water while bases accept hydrogen ions
acids are polar molecules and bases are not
bases are polar molecules and acids are not

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Water, pH and Macromolecules
Which of the following statements about covalently bonded molecules is false?

Electrons are shared between the atoms that make up the molecule
Noncovalent bonds may also be present, especially if the molecule is large
Such molecules often result from the interaction of ionized atoms
The chemical bonds that hold the molecule together are relatively strong

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Water, pH and Macromolecules
Buffer solutions

tend to maintain a relatively constant pH.
cause a decrease in pH when acids are added to them.
will always have a pH of 7
are rarely found in living systems

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