Antimicrobial Chemotherapeutic Agents
Which of the following may cause resistance to penicillin?

Production of β-lactamases by bacteria
Alteration or lack of penicillin-binding proteins
All of these
Impermeability of cell envelope

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Antimicrobial Chemotherapeutic Agents
By which of the following means antifungal chemotherapeutic agents may affect fungi?

Interfere with nuclear division by preventing the aggregation of microtubules needed for mitosis
Interfere with ergosterol biosynthesis and thus alter the structure of the cytoplasmic membrane as well as the function of several membrane-bound enzymes like those involved in nutrient transport and chitin synthesis
Interfere with normal nucleic acid synthesis
all of these

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