Average speed:- The distance covered between two stops divided by the actual time of the run is known as average speed. Average speed = (Distance between stops)/(Actual time of run) Schedule speed:- It is defined as the ratio of distance covered between two stops and the total time of run including the time of the stop. Schedule speed = (Distance between stops) /(Actual time of run + Stop time) This shows that schedule speed is always smaller than the average speed. The difference is large in the case of urban and suburban services and is negligibly small in the case of main-line service.
The stroboscopic effect is a visual phenomenon that happens when a blinking light source glows an object in movement, generating a sequence of samples. The stroboscopic effect is based on Illuminance hence it is not related to the transmission and distribution of electric power.
While estimating the overhead lines, the first and last pole is always earth connected and after every 3rd electrical pole, the fourth pole is earthed. Therefore, the approximate number of required ground set = 4
EXAMIANS