Computer Networking
Why does the data communication industry use the layered OSI reference model?1. It divides the network communication process into smaller and simpler components, thus aiding component development, design, and troubleshooting.2. It enables equipment from different vendors to use the same electronic components, thus saving research and development funds.3. It supports the evolution of multiple competing standards and thus provides business opportunities for equipment manufacturers.4. It encourages industry standardization by defining what functions occur at each layer of the model.

1 and 4
1 only
2 and 3
3 only

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Computer Networking
What is the purpose of Spanning Tree Protocol in a switched LAN?

To prevent routing loops in networks with redundant paths
To provide a mechanism for network monitoring in switched environments
To prevent switching loops in networks with redundant switched paths
To create collision domains
To manage the VLAN database across multiple switches

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