Design of Steel Structure
When the axis of load lies in the plane of rivet group, then the most heavily loaded rivet will be the one which (where, Fa is the load shared by each rivet due to axial load and Fm is the shearing load due to moment in any rivet.)

gives the maximum angle between the two forces Fa and Fm
is at the minimum distance from CG of the rivet group
gives the minimum angle between the two forces Fa and Fm
is at the maximum distance from CG of the rivet group

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Design of Steel Structure
The elastic strain for steel is about

1/24 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and about 1/200 of maximum strain
1/2 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and about 1/12 of maximum strain
1/12 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and 1/200 of maximum strain
1/12 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and about 1/120 of maximum strain

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Design of Steel Structure
In a gusseted base, when the end of the column is machined for complete bearing on the base plate, then the axial load is assumed to be transferred to base plate

Fully by direct bearing
50% by direct bearing and 50% through fastenings
Fully through fastenings
75% by direct bearing and 25% through fastenings

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