Machine Design
According to I.B.R., when the thickness of the boiler shell (t) is less than 8 mm, then the diameter of the rivet hole (d) is obtained by

Equating shearing resistance to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the crushing resistance of the rivets
None of these
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets

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Machine Design
Spring index is

Ratio of coil diameter to wire diameter
Its capability of storing energy
Indication of quality of spring
Load required to produce unit deflection

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