Engineering Materials
Vanadium in high speed steels

Provides high hot hardness
Promotes retention of austenite
Forms very hard carbides and thus increases wear resistance
Promotes decarburisation

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Engineering Materials
The temperature required for full annealing in hypereutectoid steel is

30° C to 50° C below lower critical temperature
30° C to 50° C below upper critical temperature
30° C to 50° C above upper critical temperature
30° C to 50° C above lower critical temperature

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Engineering Materials
Thermoplastic materials are those materials which

Do not become hard with the application of heat and pressure and no chemical change occurs
Are used as a friction lining for clutches and brakes
Are flexible and can withstand considerable wear under suitable conditions
Are formed into shape under heat and pressure and results in a permanently hard product

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