Fertiliser Technology
Use of catalyst is a must in the ammonia manufacture, because the reaction is reversible as well as the heat of dissociation of N₂ & H₂ is high. The presence of promoter along with the catalyst helps in __________ of the catalyst.

Improving the strength & heat resistance
All of these
Increasing the effectiveness
Stabilisation

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Fertiliser Technology
The composition of fresh feed to the high temperature, high pressure urea autoclave is

Compressed ammonia gas and excess compressed CO₂
Excess liquid ammonia and liquefied CO₂
Liquid ammonia and excess compressed CO₂
Excess liquid ammonia and compressed CO₂ gas

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Fertiliser Technology
Multistage operation (as in the case of catalytic oxidation of SO₂) is not carried out for NH₃ synthesis, because of

Higher pumping cost
High cost of the high pressure vessel used for the reactor
Comparatively higher pressure drop
Chances of entrainment and disturbance of catalyst bed

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