System Analysis and Design
Top-down programming is

a series or group of components that perform one or more operations of a more complex system
a group of related fields
an approach in which the top module is first tested then program modules are added from the highest level to the lowest level
a map of the programmer's view of the data

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System Analysis and Design
The term Parallel Run refers to

None of these
the concurrent operation of an existing system and a new system
All of these
the processing of two different jobs initiated from two terminals.
the same job run on two different computer to test their speeds

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System Analysis and Design
The approach used in top-down analysis and design is

to identify the top level functions by combining many smaller components into a single entity
to prepare flow charts after programming has been completed
all of the listed here
to identify a top level function an d then create a hierarchy of lower-level modules and components.

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System Analysis and Design
Data manipulation language (DML)

specifies for the DBMS what is required; the techniques used to process data
all of the listed here
describes how data are structured in the data base
determine how data must be structured to produce the user's view

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