Refractory Technology
Thoria is an expensive refractory material and is radioactive in nature. Thorium oxide is used in the manufacture of

Insulating bricks
Segar cones
Muffles for muffle furnaces
Crucibles used for melting of high purity metals

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Refractory Technology
Addition of grog in fireclay brick during its manufacture is advantageous, because it results in

Less addition of water to get a workable plasticity & lesser time required for drying the raw refractories and hence increased rate of production
Less shrinkage in heating, decreased apparent porosity & increased specific gravity
All of these
High strength & thermal spalling resistance

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