Process Equipment and Plant Design
The value of fouling factor depends upon the

Velocity of process fluid containing suspended solids
Suspended solids in the fluid
Characteristic of process fluid
All of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a double pipe (concentric) heat exchanger, the hydraulic radius for heat transfer (for a fluid flowing through the annulus) would be

Same as that for fluid flow
Less than that for fluid flow
More than that for fluid flow
D₂ - D₁ (D₁ and D₂ are I.D. of inner and outer pipes respectively)

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