Theory of Machine
The two links OA and OB are connected by a pin joint at O. If the link OA turns with angular velocity ω₁ rad/s in the clockwise direction and the link OB turns with angular velocity ω₂ rad/s in the anticlockwise direction, then the rubbing velocity at the pin joint O is (where r = Radius of the pin at O)

ω₁.ω₂.r
(ω₁ - ω₂) 2r
(ω₁ + ω₂) r
(ω₁ - ω₂) r

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Theory of Machine
Hammer blow

Varies inversely with the square of the speed
Is the maximum vertical unbalanced force caused by the mass added to balance the reciprocating masses
Varies as the square root of the speed
Is the maximum horizontal unbalanced force caused by the mass provided to balance the reciprocating masses.

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Theory of Machine
The velocity of piston in a reciprocating steam engine is given by (where ω = Angular velocity of crank, r = Radius of crank pin circle, θ = Angle turned by crank from inner dead center, and n = Ratio of length of connecting rod to the radius of crank)

ω²r [cos θ + (cos 2θ/n)]
ω²r [sin θ + (sin 2θ/n)]
ωr [sin θ + (sin 2θ/n)]
ωr [cos θ + (cos 2θ/n)]

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