Physics
The sparkling of a diamond is due to

Refraction of light
Total internal reflection of light
Interference of light
Polarisation of light

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Physics
In a railway track, two rails are joined end to end with a gap in between them because

Steel can be saved
Accidents due to contraction in winter can be avoided
Air-gaps are necessary for bearing the weight of running train
Accidents due to expansion in summer can be avoided

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