Theory of Machine
The primary unbalanced force due to inertia of reciprocating parts in a reciprocating engine is given by (where m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, θ = Angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke, and n = Ratio of the length of connecting rod to radius of crank)

m.ω².r (sin 2θ/n)
m.ω².r cosθ
m.ω².r sinθ
m.ω².r (cos 2θ/n)

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Theory of Machine
A rotor which is balanced statically but not dynamically is supported on two bearings L apart and at high speed of the rotor, reaction on the left bearing is R. The right side of the bearing is shifted to a new position 2L apart from the left bearing. At the same rotor speed, dynamic reaction on the left bearing in the new arrangement will

Become equal to 2R
Become equal to R/4
Become equal to R/2
Remain same as before

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Theory of Machine
The static balancing is satisfactory for low speed rotors but with increasing speeds, dynamic balancing becomes necessary. This is because, the

Effects of unbalances are proportional to the square of the speed
Unbalanced couples are caused only at higher speeds
Unbalanced forces are not dangerous at higher speeds
Effects of unbalances are directly proportional to the speed

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