Theory of Machine
The pair is known as a higher pair, when the relative motion between the elements of a pair is

Rolling only
Turning only
Sliding only
Partly turning and partly sliding

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Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, one method of obtaining the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve is by increasing the angle of advance of the eccentric while the throw of the eccentric, steam lap and exhaust lap are kept constant. This method will

Reduce maximum opening of port to steam
All of these
Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam
Reduce length of effective stroke of piston

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