Heat Transfer
The Nusselt number for fully developed (both thermally and hydrodynamically) laminar flow through a circular pipe, where the wall heat flux is constant, is

4.36
Dependent on NRe only
2.36
120.36

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Heat Transfer
Vacuum is generally maintained in the vapour space of an evaporator mainly to

Facilitate forward feeding in multiple effect evaporation
Get economical temperature difference by using moderate pressure steam
Concentrate heat sensitive materials
Achieve very high concentration of the final product

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