Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The length AB of a pipe ABC in which the liquid is flowing has diameter (d1) and is suddenly enlarged to diameter (d2) at B which is constant for the length BC. The loss of head due to sudden enlargement is

(v₁ - v₂)²/2g
(v₁² - v₂²)/g
(v₁² - v₂²)/2g
(v₁ - v₂)²/g

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In case of flow through parallel pipes,

Both (A) and (B)
The total head loss is the sum of head losses in the various pipes
The head loss for all the pipes is same
The total discharge is equal to the sum of discharges in the various pipes

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