Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The length AB of a pipe ABC in which the liquid is flowing has diameter (d1) and is suddenly enlarged to diameter (d2) at B which is constant for the length BC. The loss of head due to sudden enlargement is

(v₁ - v₂)²/2g
(v₁² - v₂²)/g
(v₁² - v₂²)/2g
(v₁ - v₂)²/g

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The overall efficiency of a reaction turbine is the ratio of

Power produced by the turbine to the energy actually supplied by the turbine
Actual work available at the turbine to the energy imparted to the wheel
Work-done on the wheel to the energy (or head of water) actually supplied to the turbine
None of these

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