Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The length AB of a pipe ABC in which the liquid is flowing has diameter (d1) and is suddenly contracted to diameter (d2) at B which is constant for the length BC. The loss of head due to sudden contraction, assuming coefficient of contraction as 0.62, is

0.375 v₂²/2g
v₁²/2g
0.5 v₁²/2g
v₂²/2g

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The specific speed of turbine is defined as the speed of a unit

Of such a size that it produces unit horse power with unit head
Of such a size that it delivers unit discharge at unit power
Of such a size that it requires unit power per unit head
Of such a size that it delivers unit discharge at unit head

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