Theory of Machine
The Kutzbach criterion for determining the number of degrees of freedom (n) is (where l = number of links, j = number of joints and h = number of higher pairs)

n = 3(l - 1) - 2j - h
n = 2(l - 1) - 2j - h
n = 3(l - 1) - 3j - h
n = 2(l - 1) - 3j - h

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Theory of Machine
In gears, interference takes place when

Gears do not move smoothly in the absence of lubrication
Pitch of the gears is not same
Gear teeth are undercut
The tip of a tooth of a mating gear digs into the portion between base and root circles

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Theory of Machine
The displacement of the reciprocating roller follower, when it has contact with the straight flanks of the tangent cam, is given by (where r₁ = Minimum radius of the cam, r₂ = Radius of the roller follower, and θ = Angle turned by the cam from the beginning of the follower displacement)

(r₁ - r₂) [(1 - cosθ)/cosθ]
(r₁ - r₂) (1 - cosθ)
(r₁ + r₂) (1 + cosθ)
(r₁ + r₂) [(1 - cosθ)/cosθ]

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Theory of Machine
Higher pairs are those which have

Surface contact between the two elements when in motion
Point or line contact between the two elements when in motion
Elements of pairs not held together mechanically
Two elements that permit relative motion

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