reports error conditions to the original source, the source must relate errors to individual application programs and take action to correct the problem
provides communication between the Internet Protocol Software on one machine and the Internet Protocol Software on another
All of these
allows gateways to send error a control messages to other gateways or hosts
an error-detecting code based on a summation operation performed on the bits to be checked.
None of these
the ratio of the number of data units in error to the total number of data units
a check bit appended to an array of binary digits to make the sum of all the binary digits.
a code in which each expression conforms to specific rules of construction, so that if certain errors occur in an expression, the resulting expression will not conform to the rules of construction and
EXAMIANS