Machine Design
The initial tension (in newtons) in a bolt used for making a fluid tight joint like steam engine cover joints, is calculated by the relation (where d = Nominal diameter of bolt in mm)

1420 d
2080 d
2840 d
1680 d

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Machine Design
Machine screws are

Similar to stud
Slotted for a screw driver and generally used with a nut
Similar to small size tap bolts except that a greater variety of shapes of heads are available
Used to prevent relative motion between two parts

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