Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The hammer blow in pipes occurs when

The flow of fluid through the pipe is suddenly brought to rest by closing of the valve
There is excessive leakage in the pipe
The flow of fluid through the pipe is gradually brought to rest by closing of the valve
The pipe bursts under high pressure of fluid

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Surface tension

Is also known as capillarity
Is a function of the curvature of the interface
Acts in the plane of the interface normal to any line in the surface
Decreases with fall in temperature

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