Surveying
The great circle whose plane is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the earth, is called

Terrestrial equator
0° latitude
Equator
All of these

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Surveying
The error due to eccentricity of inner and outer axes can be eliminated by

double sighting
taking both face observations and taking the mean of the two
taking mean of several readings distributed over different portions of the graduated circle
reading both verniers and taking the mean of the two

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