Physics
In a railway track, two rails are joined end to end with a gap in between them because

Accidents due to contraction in winter can be avoided
Air-gaps are necessary for bearing the weight of running train
Steel can be saved
Accidents due to expansion in summer can be avoided

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Physics
Radiocarbon is produced in the atmosphere as a result of

Action of ultraviolet light from the sun on atmospheric oxygen.
Action of solar radiations particularly cosmic rays on carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere.
Collision between fast neutrons and nitrogen nuclei present in the atmosphere.
Lightning discharge in atmosphere.

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