Mass Transfer
Channelling is most severe

In towers packed randomly with crushed solids
In dumped packing of regular units
In towers packed with stacked packing
At very high liquid flow rate

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Mass Transfer
In case of an absorber, the operating

Velocity is more than the loading velocity
Line always lies below the equilibrium curve
Line always lies above the equilibrium curve
Line can be either above or below the equilibrium curve

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