Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A vertical wall is subjected to a pressure due to one kind of liquid, on one of its sides. Which of the following statement is correct?

The pressure on the bottom of the wall is maximum
The pressure on the wall at the liquid level is minimum
The pressure on the wall at the liquid level is zero, and on the bottom of the wall is maximum
The pressure on the bottom of the wall is zero

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Coefficient of velocity is defined as the ratio of

Area of jet at vena contracta to the area of orifice
Actual discharge through an orifice to the theoretical discharge
None of these
Actual velocity of jet at vena contracta to the theoretical velocity

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