Process Equipment and Plant Design
The design stress, which is more than the damaging stress, is the least unit stress that will render a member unfit for service before the end of its normal life. The design stress factor or factor of safety indicates the margin between design stress and the __________ stress.

Working
None of these
Damaging
Allowable

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger for a given heat transfer surface area, smaller diameter tubes are favoured as compared to larger diameter ones ; because the smaller diameter tubes

Are easier to clean
None of these
Can be fitted into a smaller shell diameter hence the cost of the heat exchanger would be less
Are less prone to fouling

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