RCC Structures Design
The design of heel slab of a retaining wall is based on the maximum bending moment due to:

All listed here
Its own weight
Load of the surcharge, if any
Weight of the soil above it

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RCC Structures Design
A pre-stressed concrete member is preferred because

Removal of cracks in the members due to shrinkage
Large size of long beams carrying large shear force need not be adopted
Its dimensions are not decided from the diagonal tensile stress
All listed here

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RCC Structures Design
In a beam the local bond stress Sb, is equal to

Leaver arm/(Bending moment × Total perimeter of reinforcement)
Shear force/(Leaver arm × Total perimeter of reinforcement)
Total perimeter of reinforcement/(Leaver arm × Shear force)
Leaver arm/(Shear force × Total perimeter of reinforcement)

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