Machine Design
The dedendum circle diameter is equal to (where φ = Pressure angle)

Pitch circle diameter × sinφ
Pitch circle diameter × cosφ
Clearance circle diameter × cosφ
Addendum circle diameter × cosφ

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Machine Design
Coaxing is the procedure of increasing

Fatigue limit by over-stressing the metal by successively increasing loadings
Metal strength by cycling
Metal hardness by surface treatment
Metal resistance to corrosion by coating

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