Electrical Machines
The damper windings also called the squirrel cage windings or damper grids

  are provided on the stator for improving power factor.
  are provided in a synchronous motor to make it self starting.
  both (A) and (B).
  consists of short-circuited copper bars embedded in the field pole faces.

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Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  coupling it with a DC compound motor.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.
  any of the above methods.
  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.

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