Automobile Engineering in ME
The purpose of a balancer shaft is to

Increase inertia force of the rotating crankshaft
Reduce vibrations caused by the crankshaft rotation
Adjusts the timing of the intake and exhaust valve openings
Balance the timing in the movement of the two groups of pistons

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Automobile Engineering in ME
The ignition in a spark ignition engine takes place when the piston is

Leaving the T.D.C. position on its compression stroke
Approaching the T.D.C. position on its compression stroke
Approaching the T.D.C position on its exhaust stroke
Exactly at the T.D.C. position on its compression stroke

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