Engineering Materials
The brown smoke during the operation of a Bessemer converter indicates that the

Air is burning out silicon and manganese
Silicon and manganese has burnt and carbon has started oxidizing
The converter must be titled to remove the contents of the converter
The brown smoke does not occur during the operation of a Bessemer converter

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Engineering Materials
Combined carbon in iron makes the metal

Soft and gives a fine grained crystalline structure
Hard and gives a fine grained crystalline structure
Hard and gives a coarse grained crystalline structure
Soft and gives coarse grained crystalline structure

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