Engineering Materials
The brown smoke during the operation of a Bessemer converter indicates that the

Silicon and manganese has burnt and carbon has started oxidizing
The converter must be titled to remove the contents of the converter
Air is burning out silicon and manganese
The brown smoke does not occur during the operation of a Bessemer converter

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Engineering Materials
Chromium in steel

Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties

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