Electrical Machines
In dc machines, the field system has to be provided on stator unlike synchronous machines Where in it could be on any member, because

 commutator action is not possible otherwise
 it reduces field structure iron losses
 it gives more uniform air-gap flux distribution
 dc machines are comparatively low rating machines.

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Electrical Machines
In case of 3 - Φ IM, plugging means

  starting the motor on load which is more than the rated load.
  locking of rotor due to harmonics.
  pulling the motor directly on line without a rotor.
  interchanging two supply phases for quick stopping.

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