System Analysis and Design
The approach used in top-down analysis and design is

to identify a top level function an d then create a hierarchy of lower-level modules and components.
to prepare flow charts after programming has been completed
to identify the top level functions by combining many smaller components into a single entity
all of the listed here

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System Analysis and Design
Sequential or series testing is

making sure that the new programs do in fact process certain transactions according to Specifications
running the system with line data by the actual user
testing changes made in an existing or a new program
is checking the logic of one or more programs in the candidate system

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