System Analysis and Design
The approach used in top-down analysis and design is

to identify the top level functions by combining many smaller components into a single entity
all of the listed here
to identify a top level function an d then create a hierarchy of lower-level modules and components.
to prepare flow charts after programming has been completed

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System Analysis and Design
In the system concepts, term Integration

means that parts of the computer system depend on one another
implies structure and order
refers to the holism of systems
refers to the manner in which each component functions with other components of the system.

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System Analysis and Design
Indexed-Sequential organization

uses an index for each key type
stores records sequentially but uses an index to locate records
means storing records in contiguous blocks according to a key
has records placed randomly throughout the file

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