System Analysis and Design
The approach used in top-down analysis and design is

all of the listed here
to prepare flow charts after programming has been completed
to identify the top level functions by combining many smaller components into a single entity
to identify a top level function an d then create a hierarchy of lower-level modules and components.

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System Analysis and Design
Top-down programming is

a map of the programmer's view of the data
a series or group of components that perform one or more operations of a more complex system
a group of related fields
an approach in which the top module is first tested then program modules are added from the highest level to the lowest level

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System Analysis and Design
Rapid prototyping proves the quality of a design by

None of these
having a program simulate the real system
both (a) and (b)
having a data flow diagram
having the system analyst present an overview of the design to users, programmers, and consultants

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