System Analysis and Design
The approach used in top-down analysis and design is

all of the listed here
to identify a top level function an d then create a hierarchy of lower-level modules and components.
to prepare flow charts after programming has been completed
to identify the top level functions by combining many smaller components into a single entity

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System Analysis and Design
Top-down programming is

a group of related fields
a map of the programmer's view of the data
an approach in which the top module is first tested then program modules are added from the highest level to the lowest level
a series or group of components that perform one or more operations of a more complex system

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System Analysis and Design
Cost-Benefit analysis

estimates the hardware and software costs
None of these
evaluates the tangible and non-tangible factors
compares the cost, with the benefits, of introducing a computer-based system
All of these

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