Process Control and Instrumentation
Temperature control of an exothermic chemical reaction taking place in a CSTR is done with the help of cooling water flowing in a jacket around the reactor. The types of valve and controller action to be recommended are

Air to open valve with the controller indirect acting
Air to close valve with the controller direct acting
Air to open valve with the controller direct acting
Air to close valve with the controller indirect acting

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Process Control and Instrumentation
In a second order under damped system, the

Decay ratio (which is the ratio of the sizes of successive peaks) is equal to the reciprocal of overshoot
Time required for the response of first reach its ultimate value is called the response time
None of these
Overshoot (which is a measure of how much the response exceeds the ultimate value) increase with the decrease of damping co-efficient e

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