Machine Design
Stress concentration factor is defined as the ratio of

Nominal stress to the maximum stress
Maximum stress to the nominal stress
Maximum stress to the endurance limit
Nominal stress to the endurance limit

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Machine Design
The ends of the leaves of a semi-elliptical leaf spring are made triangular in order to

Permit each leaf to act as an overhanging beam
Have variable bending moment (M) in each leaf
Obtain variable moment of inertia (I) in each leaf
Make M/I constant throughout the length of the leaf

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