Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
Steady flow occurs when

the fluid particles move in plane or parallel planes and the streamline pat-terns are identical in each plane
the magnitude and direction of the velocity do not change from point to point in the fluid
the direction and magnitude of the velocity at all points are identical
the velocity of successive fluid par-ticles, at any point, is the same at suc-cessive periods of time

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Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
The horizontal component of force on a curved surface is equal to the

weight of liquid vertically above the curved surface
force on a vertical projection of the curved surface
product of pressure intensity at its centroid and area
force on the horizontal projection of the curved surface

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Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
The normal stress is same in all directions at a point in a fluid

only when the fluid is incompressible and has zero viscosity
When there is no motion of one fluid layer relative to an adjacent layer
only when the fluid is frictionless
irrespective of the motion of one fluid layer relative to an adjacent layer

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