Mass Transfer
Solvent extraction is the terminology applied to the liquid-liquid extraction, which is preferred for the separation of the components of liquids, when

Viscosity of liquid components is very high
Extracting solvent is cheaply & abundantly available
One of the liquid components has very high affinity towards the solvent
One of the liquid components is heat sensitive

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Mass Transfer
Molecular diffusion is caused by the

Transfer of molecules from low concentration to high concentration region
Thermal energy of the molecules
Potential energy of the molecules
Activation energy of the molecules

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