Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane
None of these
Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
A cylindrical specimen of saturated soil failed under an axial vertical stress of 100kN/m2 when it was laterally unconfmed. The failure plane was inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle of 45°. The values of cohesion and angle of internal friction for the soil are respectively

0.2 N/mm² and 0°
0.05 N/mm² and 45°
0.05 N/mm² and 0°
0.5 N/mm² and 30°

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The shear strength of a soil

Is inversely proportional to the angle of internal friction of the soil
Decreases with increase in normal stress
Decreases with decrease in normal stress
Is directly proportional to the angle of internal friction of the soil

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